stat FILEHANDLE
       stat EXPR
       stat    Returns a 13-element list giving the status info for a file,
               either the file opened via FILEHANDLE, or named by EXPR.  If
               EXPR is omitted, it stats $_.  Returns a null list if the stat
               fails.  Typically used as follows:

                   ($dev,$ino,$mode,$nlink,$uid,$gid,$rdev,$size,
                      $atime,$mtime,$ctime,$blksize,$blocks)
                          = stat($filename);

               Not all fields are supported on all filesystem types.  Here are
               the meaning of the fields:

                 0 dev      device number of filesystem
                 1 ino      inode number
                 2 mode     file mode  (type and permissions)
                 3 nlink    number of (hard) links to the file
                 4 uid      numeric user ID of file's owner
                 5 gid      numeric group ID of file's owner
                 6 rdev     the device identifier (special files only)
                 7 size     total size of file, in bytes
                 8 atime    last access time in seconds since the epoch
                 9 mtime    last modify time in seconds since the epoch
                10 ctime    inode change time in seconds since the epoch (*)
                11 blksize  preferred block size for file system I/O
                12 blocks   actual number of blocks allocated

               (The epoch was at 00:00 January 1, 1970 GMT.)

               (*) The ctime field is non-portable, in particular you cannot
               expect it to be a "creation time", see "Files and Filesystems"
               in perlport for details.

               If stat is passed the special filehandle consisting of an
               underline, no stat is done, but the current contents of the
               stat structure from the last stat or filetest are returned.
               Example:

                   if (-x $file && (($d) = stat(_)) && $d < 0) {
                       print "$file is executable NFS file\n";
                   }

               (This works on machines only for which the device number is
               negative under NFS.)

               Because the mode contains both the file type and its permis-
               sions, you should mask off the file type portion and (s)printf
               using a "%o" if you want to see the real permissions.

                   $mode = (stat($filename))[2];
                   printf "Permissions are %04o\n", $mode & 07777;

               In scalar context, "stat" returns a boolean value indicating
               success or failure, and, if successful, sets the information
               associated with the special filehandle "_".

               The File::stat module provides a convenient, by-name access
               mechanism:

                   use File::stat;
                   $sb = stat($filename);
                   printf "File is %s, size is %s, perm %04o, mtime %s\n",
                       $filename, $sb->size, $sb->mode & 07777,
                       scalar localtime $sb->mtime;